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Casting: A process where molten metal is poured into a mold and solidification is allowed to take place.

Draft: Taper on vertical faces of a pattern to allow its removal from the mold without tearing the mold walls.

Parting Line: The point where the pattern is split horizontally to allow its removal from the mold.

Riser: A reservoir of molten metal that the casting can draw from to offset the shrinkage that is taking place as the metal solidifies.

Gate: Directs the molten metal from the runner into the mold cavity.

Runner: Trapezoidal shaped piece that runs horizontally to the mold cavity and connects the Sprue base to the gate(s).

Sprue Base (or well): Rectangular or cylindrical block that receives metal from the Sprue, reduces the velocity of the falling stream of metal and provides the transition from the vertical to the horizontal and send the metal into the runner system.

Sprue: A vertical passageway that takes the molten metal from the pouring basin to the runner.

Pouring Cup (or basin): Receives molten metal from the pouring ladle or crucible and directs it to the Sprue.

Flask: Metal or wooden boxes without a top or bottom that holds the pattern.

Core: A mass of sand placed within a mold to provide openings or shape.

Pattern: An original used as a form to produce duplicate pieces. Pattern dimensions are slightly enlarged to counteract the shrinkage of the casting as it solidifies and cools in the mold. Although patterns can be made in one piece, a complicated casting may consist of two or more parts.

Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals, Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

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